Hidden danger: Understanding nicotine poisoning
Each year, America’s Poison Centers answer thousands of calls about exposures to tobacco products like cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and chewing tobacco. In recent years, the rise of vaping and the persistent popularity of smoking have spotlighted a less discussed but equally concerning threat: nicotine poisoning. Today’s nicotinerich products pose a risk to all, especially unsuspecting children and pets. While nicotine in any form can cause poisonings, since 2011 poison centers have been most concerned about exposures to e-cigarette products and liquid nicotine. This is because the concentration of nicotine in liquid products is higher than most other tobacco products.
According to the National Poison Data System, from April 2022–March 2023 a total of 7,043 e-cigarette exposure cases were reported and among all exposures, 6,074 (87.8%) occurred among children aged 5 years and younger. Flavors such as cotton candy, gummy worms, mango, and popular breakfast cereals appeal to children, masking the harshness of nicotine and contributing to these instances of poisoning.
What is Nicotine Poisoning? Nicotine poisoning results from ingestion (through the mouth), inhalation (through the lungs), or absorption (through the skin) of excessive amounts of nicotine. While traditional cigarettes have long been the culprits behind such cases, the advent of ecigarettes and liquid nicotine products has significantly increased the risk. These items often contain higher nicotine concentrations, making them more dangerous in cases of accidental exposure.
Signs and Symptoms to Watch For The symptoms of nicotine poisoning can range from mild to severe and may come on rapidly. Initial signs include nausea, vomiting, increased saliva production, abdominal pain, and sweating. As exposure levels rise, more severe symptoms can emerge, such as increased heart rate, high blood pressure, tremors, dizziness, and in extreme cases, seizures, or respiratory failure. These symptoms can happen to anyone of any age, but the risk is greatest in children due to their size. It’s crucial to recognize these symptoms early, as timely medical intervention can be lifesaving. Prevention and Safety Measures Nicotine’s dangers are not confined to poisoning alone. Chronic exposure can foster nicotine dependence, a well-documented challenge to public health. Nicotine can increase the risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, and other cardiovascular issues.
Preventing nicotine poisoning begins with awareness and education. Store all nicotine products out of reach of children and pets and educate family members about the risks associated with improper handling or ingestion. Use caution when refilling or handling liquids. Wash your hands with soap and water and clean up any spills immediately. For individuals using nicotine replacement therapies to quit smoking, it’s vital to follow usage instructions carefully and dispose of products safely. If someone has been exposed to nicotine, especially a child, call the Poison Help line at 1-800-2221222 right away. To save the number in your mobile phone, text POISON to 301-597-7137.
As we strive for a healthier community, we all play a part in preventing nicotine use in the first place, and with the prevention of nicotine poisoning. If you or someone you know is struggling with nicotine addiction, seek out local cessation support resources. City-County Health District has a Tobacco Treatment Specialist ready to help. Just call 845-8518 and ask for Kaitlen.