On this date

43 B.C. — Roman statesman and scholar Marcus Tullius Cicero was slain at the order of the Second Triumvirate. 1787 — Delaware became the first state to ratify the U.S. Constitution. 1842 — The New York Philharmonic performed its first concert. 1909 — Chemist Leo H. Baekeland received a U.S. patent for Bakelite (BAY’kuh-lyt), the first synthetic plastic. 1917 — During World War I, the United States declared war on Austria-Hungary. 1946 — Fire broke out at the Winecoff (WYN’kahf) Hotel in Atlanta; the blaze killed 119 people, including hotel founder W. Frank Winecoff. 1967 — The Beatles opened the Apple Boutique in London; the venture proved disastrous, and the shop closed the following July. 1972 — America’s last moon mission to date was launched as Apollo 17 blasted off from Cape Canaveral. Imelda Marcos, wife of Philippine President Ferdinand E. Marcos, was stabbed and seriously wounded by an assailant who was shot dead by her bodyguards. 1987 — 43 people were killed after a gunman aboard a Pacific Southwest Airlines jetliner in California apparently opened fire on a fellow passenger, the pilots and himself, causing the plane to crash. Soviet leader Mikhail S. Gorbachev set foot on American soil for the first time, arriving for a Washington summit with President Ronald Reagan. 1993 — A gunman opened fire on a Long Island Rail Road commuter train, killing six people and wounding 19. (The shooter was later sentenced to a minimum of 200 years in prison.) 1995 — A 746-pound probe from the Galileo spacecraft hurtled into Jupiter’s atmosphere, sending back data to the mothership before it was presumably destroyed. 2004 — Hamid Karzai was sworn in as Afghanistan’s first popularly elected president.

Thought for today ‘The highest tribute to the dead is not grief but gratitude.’ American playwright and author (1897-1975) Thornton Wilder