ALMANAC On this day, July 19

1855 The Dollar Savings Bank, founded as the Pittsburgh Dollar Savings Institution, opened for business.

1877 Pittsburgh railroad workers struck in protest of a nationwide reduction of railroaders’ wages and a Pennsylvania Railroad order cutting employment of brakemen.

1943 Allied air forces raided Rome during World War II, the same day Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini met in Feltre in northern Italy.

1969 Apollo 11 and its astronauts, Neil Armstrong, Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin and Michael Collins, went into orbit around the moon.

1985 Prime parking spaces in Downtown cost $2 per hour, twice as much as in the nation’s 25 largest cities.

2011 Summoned by British lawmakers to answer for a phone hacking and bribery scandal at one of his tabloids, media mogul Rupert Murdoch told a parliamentary committee hearing he was humbled and ashamed but accepted no responsibility for wrongdoing.

Some items are from Stefan Lorant’s “Pittsburgh: The Story of an American City” (digital.library.pitt.edu/chronology).

— Compiled by Rick Nowlin

Today’s birthdays: Actor Helen Gallagher, 95. Country singer Sue Thompson, 95. Singer Vikki Carr, 81. Blues singer-musician Little Freddie King, 81. Actor George Dzundza, 76. International Tennis Hall of Famer Ilie Nastase, 75. Rock musician Brian May, 74. Actor Beverly Archer, 73. Movie director Abel Ferrara, 70. Actor Peter Barton, 65. Movie director Atom Egoyan, 61. Actor Campbell Scott, 60. Actor Anthony Edwards, 59. Actor Clea Lewis, 56. Percussionist Evelyn Glennie, 56. Classical singer Urs Buhler (Il Divo), 50. Actor Andrew Kavovit, 50. Actor Benedict Cumberbatch, 45. Actor Erin Cummings, 44. TV chef Marcela Valladolid, 43. Actor Chris Sullivan (“This Is Us”), 41. Actor Jared Padalecki, 39. Actor Trai Byers, 38. Actor Kaitlin Doubleday (“Nashville”), 37. Actor/comedian Dustin Ybarra, 35. Actor Steven Anthony Lawrence, 31.

Thought for today: “An optimist will tell you the glass is halffull; the pessimist, half-empty; and the engineer will tell you the glass is twice the size it needs to be.”

— Author unknown