Steve Micklewright
Rewilding the nation
Today is World Environment Day, the United Nations day for encouraging worldwide awareness and action to protect our environment. As the UN launches its Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, the global call is for urgent action to revive our damaged ecosystems.
The world body is highlighting how we are losing and destroying nature – and so the foundations of our own survival – at an alarming rate. From forests to peatlands to coasts, the situation is grim.
Here in Scotland, the government has signed up to bold action to tackle the nature and climate crises over the next decade through the Edinburgh Declaration. But we are one of the most nature-depleted countries in the world. Only 1.5 per cent of our land is national nature reserves. Just four per cent is native woodland. A quarter of our land no longer supports the nature-rich forests, peatlands and river systems it should. Red squirrels, wild cats, capercaillie and great yellow bumblebees are at risk or declining. Seabirds are feeding their chicks plastic waste. Rural landscapes support fewer people than previously.
This is where rewilding – the largescale restoration of nature – offers hope. As the UN says, it’s time to be bold not timid – and to be active not anxious. By working with nature instead of against it, rewilding can restore life to our hills, glens, rivers and seas. It can offer new opportunities to local communities and economies. It can help solve other problems we have created – including climate breakdown, flooding, pollution, and degraded soils.
That’s why the Scottish Rewilding Alliance – a coalition of over 20 environmental organisations – is calling on the Scottish Government to declare Scotland the world’s first Rewilding Nation. The campaign calls for the rewilding of 30 per cent of Scotland’s land and sea within a decade. This involves growing more wild native forests, genuinely protecting large areas of sea, and restoring peatlands, moorlands, grasslands and wetlands. This can be achieved with
no loss of productive farmland, while offering landowners and farmers fresh diversification opportunities for managing marginal land in a more nature-friendly way.
Habitat restoration should be accompanied by appropriate reintroduction of keystone species, including rehoming beavers beyond their current limited range, and considering a pilot reintroduction for Eurasian lynx where there is appropriate habitatand localsupport.
Rewilding our towns and cities is also essential, to ensure we all have opportunities to reconnect with nature. The campaign also calls for rewilding to be added as a driver to the Scottish Government’s economic strategy, with more investment in natural solutions. All of this would be popular too. Three-quarters of Scots who expressed an opinion supported itinpollingby Survation.
Meanwhile, practical rewilding and nature restoration action is under way and rapidly increasing.
Scottish members of the new Rewilding Network – which is bringing together landowners, farmers, land managers, community groups and local authorities from across Britain – will soon cover some 200,000 acres of land between them.
These inspiring sites include the Borders Forest Trust’s Wild Heart of Southern Scotland; John Muir Trust’s Glenlude in the Scottish Borders
and its land at Knoydart, Li and Coire Dhorrcail; the Bamff Estate and the Bunloit Estate in the Highlands; Creag Meagaidh and Mar Lodge in the Cairngorms; and the Trees for Life Dundreggan Estate near Loch Ness.
Complementing this network of major sites, the Northwoods Rewilding Network – recently launched by charity Scotland: The Big Picture – is enabling more smaller landholdings of 50 to 1,000 acres to play a bigger role in restoring and connecting rich habitats full of life.
Northwoods is filling in the gaps in local areas and joining together a tapestry of smaller nature recovery sites and wildlife corridors. It already includes 12 initial land partners – farms, crofts, small estates and community-owned land – covering 3,500 acres between them. The project hopes to expand to at least 10,000 acres within two years.
Signs of hope are emerging all over. In Dumfries and Galloway, the South of Scotland’s largest community buyout was recently legally completed. After raising £3.8 million, the Langholm Initiative charity successfully purchased 5,200 acres of Langholm Moor from Buccleuch, to create the vast new Tarras Valley Nature Reserve.
The Community of Arran Seabed Trust (Coast) marine recovery in Lamlash Bay on Arran shows what communities can achieve in terms of establishing vital no-take zones and protected areas – and how incentives for lower-impact fisheries around our coastline would help degraded habitats and fish populations recover, and regenerate our harbours and coastal towns.
So hope is there, and it’s growing. But with the world facing overlapping nature, climate and health crises – all worsened by our broken relationship with the natural world – much more needs to happen, and fast. This means our politicians need to step up.
By declaring Scotland to be a Rewilding Nation ahead of the global Cop26 climate conference in Glasgow later this year, the Scottish Government would be showing positive leadership. It would be a world first, as long as someone else doesn’t beat us to it.
This could see Scotland establish itself as a world leader in saving nature and ourselves. Rather than lagging behind, we could be one of the first countries to not only halt biodiversity loss – but to reverse it.
We have the space, political influence and public backing to do this. Rewilding can ensure our landscapes and seascapes – today increasingly silent and sterile – are restored and rich in life again. Scotland can be a beacon of hope, and the opportunity is there if we want to seize it.