BOMBS BENEATH OUR FEET: IRAQIS LIVE IN FEAR OF EXPLOSION FROM MILITIA’S STASHED ARMS
Eighteen people died when one of 10 hidden caches accidentally detonated, writes Sofia Barbarani in Sadr City
Abu Kumail was standing on a pavement when the blast wave hit him. The twin boom of a huge explosion was a dire vocal accompaniment. Shocked, but lucky, Abu Kumail walked away unscathed. A few streets from his home in Sadr City, 18 people had been killed.
Because this northern part of Baghdad is used to violence and more than a decade of terrorist attacks including suicide bombings, the June 6 blast was not particularly shocking – to begin with. But this was not a normal incident.
The fatalities were caused by the accidental detonation of a munitions cache hidden in the floors beneath a mosque.
In only a few seconds, a block of family homes had been destroyed, two schools wrecked and other property burnt beyond recognition. Beyond the death toll, more than 100 people were wounded.
Prime Minister Haider Al Abadi ordered an investigation and 20 arrest warrants were issued by the country’s top court.
Two days later, Moqtada Al Sadr, whose coalition had won the highest number of seats in elections weeks earlier, called for a nationwide disarmament campaign, saying his eponymous Baghdad stronghold would be the first to do so. “The blood of Iraqis is more precious than anything else,” he said.
Yet nothing has changed. More worryingly, it could happen again. The area is littered with hidden arms, a serious threat to human life.
“There are 10 such caches all over Sadr City,” says Abu Kumail, a leader in Iraq’s Popular Mobilisation Units, an umbrella group of largely Iran-backed Shiite militias.
Mosques are a favoured location, an ongoing legacy of the US invasion of Iraq and the tactics used by militias to avoid American troops discovering illicit weapons and ammunition.
Like some of Mr Al Sadr’s political opponents, Abu Kumail says the caches belong to Saraya Al Salam (Peace Companies) – Mr Al Sadr’s own militia.
During the US occupation after 2003, troops frequently uncovered arms stashed in Sadr City. Most belonged to Saraya Al Salam’s predecessors, the Mahdi Army.
Ninety per cent of the area, Abu Kumail says, is loyal to Mr Al Sadr’s fighters.
“This is a stronghold and a safe haven for them. They are divided into regiments and platoons according to their geography,” he says.
“Every platoon has its own weapons and ammunition caches in their neighbourhood.”
The cache that exploded last month was located directly below the mosque kitchen. That evening, members of the community had been cooking for a wake when the heat from the oven caused one of the shells to go off, triggering the detonation of roadside bombs packed with C4 plastic explosives captured from ISIS.
Unsafe storage is common, adding to the risk of further accidental blasts. Even some of those involved “lack experience in how to handle those weapons and munitions”, Abu Kumail says.
The blast tore right through the second floor of Hussein Abbas’s home.
The 46-year-old estimates it will cost him tens of thousands of US dollars to demolish and rebuild the damaged building.
But so far, he says, he has not received compensation from the government. Under the Iraqi law on Compensation for Victims of Military Operations, Military Mistakes and Terrorist Actions, owners of damaged property should receive three types of reparation: a one-time grant; a monthly pension; and a plot of residential land.
According to officials, this can be a lengthy procedure.
“We didn’t have time to run out,” Mr Abbas recalls, standing in front of his home.
“My mother was in intensive care and my wife hurt her legs and back.”
Jaffar Taleb, 27, woke up in hospital to find out that his sister Fatimah, 14, had been killed in the explosion.
“The entire house collapsed on us,” he says. “No one has come to see us or tell us anything. Only police and journalists came – not even the clerics have come.”
Down the road, a big colourful tent houses five brothers and their respective families. All of them lost their homes.
“We’re angry, of course, we had 15 people injured,” one of the brothers says. “We’d been living in that house since 1997.”
The family is worried that there could still be explosives buried beneath the rubble.
“No one has removed the ordnance, we found a jar of C4 in the next street,” says Tahab Sharrif, a cousin of the five brothers.
“The militia in Samarra, when they come back they store it here,” he says, referring to Mr Al Sadr’s militia.
Beyond the damage and the struggle of daily life, there is a stark sense of neglect among the victims of last month’s
Every platoon has its own weapons and ammunition caches ABU KUMAIL Leader of Popular Mobilisation Units
blast. Most feel they have been abandoned by the leadership, who could be months away from forming a government, such is the disjointed and sectarian nature of Iraqi politics.
In a neighbourhood that is visibly lacking basic services such as water and electricity, the feeling of isolation is exacerbated by frustration.
Back in the cooler surroundings of his living room Abu Kumail is critical of the widespread use of weapons in Iraq. Unlike before the US invasion, it seems everyone now has a gun.
“Back then the weapons were only in the hands of the government,” he says, recounting the days of Saddam Hussein’s rule. “Now they’re everywhere. It’s a key problem, because the state is weak.”