General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University invents a number of products useful in combating COVID-19 pandemic

With the intention of easing out the current national crisis of COVID- 19 the General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University (KDU) has taken several initiatives of Research and Development to combat the COVID- 19 pandemic and to mitigate its impact. These initiatives are diverse, highlighting several areas of importance, spanning from improving people’s health, diagnosis of SARS-COV 2 infections, developing biomedical equipment, to developing strategies to face post-impact of the pandemic. The university has already established the COVID- 19 testing facility and is currently undertaking the testing of patient-samples, not only from its own hospital (UH-KDU) but also from other hospitals of the Ministry of Health.

Since the beginning of the pandemic, several members of the Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Computing and the Faculty of Medicine of KDU has been collaboratively working in teams, on various inventions, such as producing timely needed medical equipment, disinfecting items, medical assistance computer applications etc. These research teams comprised of the students of KDU, which includes both the officer cadets and the day scholars, and the academic staff members. Under the immense support and the encouragement by the Vice Chancellor, Major General Milinda Peiris and his support staff in the university, these initiatives have already become a huge success. Some of these items which have been completed in production were demonstrated to the Secretary, Ministry of Defence on the 21st April 2020. These are ventilators of two designs, a UV air purifier, a Robot Medical Assistant, and a software application for long distance patient-doctor communication. A brief description of each of these items with the research teams involved are given below.

This is a pneumatically driven, time- cycled ventilator with user determined volume and flow rate selection capability. The system is a matched integration of a compressed air tank, air and oxygen inputs, a set of electrically operated valves and tubes, and a patient circuit of tubing. The compressed air tank is pneumatically compressed to supply an air/ oxygen mixture. The lung’s elasticity is utilized releasing the overpressure, also called passive exhalation, and expiration is released usually through a one- way valve within the patient circuit tubing. The oxygen percentage of the inspiration supply can be adjusted from 21% ( ambient air) to 100% ( only oxygen). The prototype design functions on CMV, SMV & Spontaneous modes. The user is facilitated with the touch-sensitive screen to input required and appropriate parameters within each mode of operation such as tidal volume, frequency, Oxygen percentage, inspiration to expiration ratio, system sensitivity. This is an endeavor of a group of research team lead by, Eng. Udaya Damapge (Senior Lecturer, KDU), with group of researchers: Cmde Janaka Gunasela (Senior Lecturer, KDU), Capt Priyankara Dissanayake (Senior Lecturer, KDU), Consultant Anesthesiologist, Samanthi Pullaperuma ( Senior Lecturer, KDU), LCdr. Sanjaya Arunapriya (Lecturer, KDU), and Mr. Dinesh Bandara (Dinesh Ro Electronics). The product development cost was Rs 100,000.

This is a development of a medical assistant robot to take care of COVID-19 patients, feed them and to provide them medicine without human direct contact with them. The functions of the prototype includes: ability to deliver food containers & medicine to 8 patients at same bed level by a single cycle, capability to spray sanitizer as per requirement by robotic hand on top of the system, two way communication for doctor and the patient for real time medical inspections, ability to handle the robot remotely and obstacle detection along the way, inbuilt UV sterilization in all dispensers. This product is an outcome of the endeavors of a group of researchers lead by, Eng. Udaya Damapge (Senior Lecturer, KDU), with Cmde Janaka Gunaseela ( Senior Lecturer, KDU), Capt. Geeth Karunaratne ( Lecturer, KDU), and members of Electronic,

Robotic & Innovation Club. The product development cost was Rs 250,000.00.

A patient ventilator which is less expensive and takes less time to build using locally sourced materials and components. This ventilator allows the control of all vital parameters during ventilation. It is built to minimize aerosol generation during ventilation. In addition, the machine is built with a self- sterilization mechanism to reduce machine idling time from one patient to the other. This is an effort of a group of researchers, Dr. Prasanna Premadasa ( Senior Lecturer, KDU), Sqn Ldr WNI Yalagama ( Lecturer, KDU), Dr R Wijesiriwardena (Senior Lecturer, University of Moratuwa), MGSJB Maddegoda ( O/ C), KDP Anjana (O/C), and Mr Naveen Ranasinghe ( s t u d e n t - S L I N T E C ) . T he Consultant Anesthesiologist, Brig ( Dr) Thamasi Makuloluwa’s ( Senior Lecturer, KDU) input on the use and application of the equipment was also contributed to the success of this product development. The cost involved in the development was less than Rs 100,000.

‘Curec’ is a mobile app developed by the Faculty of Computing to link the doctors and patients during the COVID- 19 Pandemic. It stands for Cure and Recovers. The computer application addresses the problem of over utilizing healthcare resources and minimize the risk of unnecessary exposure of people to the virus. Unlike other prevailing apps, the key features of Curec are the real- time video calling facility and the location tracker. The user is given a self-assessment to identify his/her COVID-19 status based on a scoring system, from High to Low, after which the user can choose to call the doctor. On the other hand, the doctor will answer the call from a priority queue, diagnose the patient, and assign the patient with the medical advice, based on interim guidelines given by the Ministry of Health and Indigenous Medicine for COVID- 19 isolation centers. The App also provides a Symptoms Log for the patient to monitor his history and decisions given by previous doctors. The application is developed by a group of re s e a r c h e r s, D r. LP Kalansooriya ( Senior Lecturer, KDU), Cmde JU Gunaseela (Senior Lecturer, KDU), and a panel of medical experts; Dr. YDMASK Yapa Bandara ( Lady Ridgeway Hospital (LRH)), Dr. VT Jayasinghe ( LRH), Dr. Vasan Ratnasingam ( LRH), Dr. Mangala Rajamanthri ( Base Hospital Karawanella), Dr. Namal Wijesinghe ( Senior Lecturer – KDU), and the day scholars of KDU, Mr.EMNK Ekanayake, Mr. HKK Perera, Ms. NS Premaratne, Mr. HMGKC Bandara, Mr. LMGS Bandara, Mr. IAMP Ileperuma and Ms. GVDIK Perera. The cost involved in the first phase was approximately Rs. 125,000.00

This purifier is capable of destroying airborne pathogens, such as SARS COV-2 virus, using UV-C light. This device can be used to purify air in a theatre or a ward with patients with respiratory diseases. Since this can be used even when the people are in the room, this is very useful in a hospital setup. This product was developed by a group of researchers Mr Nadun Madanayake ( Student, University of Sri Jayawardenepura), Dr. Prasanna Premadasa (Senior Lecturer, KDU), Sqn Ldr WNI Yalagama (Lecturer, KDU), AWC Abeygunawardena ( SUO) and MGSJB Maddegoda (O/C), with a cost of approximately Rs 40,000.

Additionally, the members of the Department of Strategic Studies of KDU, l ed by Pro f Amal Jayawardena ( Senior Professor, KDU) and Col Silvester Perera ( Dean Faculty of Defence and Strategic Studies, KDU) has acted as a Think-Tank to understand the gravity of the ongoing COVID- 19 epidemic and to strategize the plausible future. The Strategic Foresight, a report describing the post- COVID- 19 situation in Sri Lanka, has been prepared as a strategic forecast on the post-pandemic situation of the country. The report would allow us to anticipate changes and better prepare for the future. This report was handedover to the Secretory, Ministry of Defence, by the Vice Chancellor of KDU on the same day.