China posts rare trade deficit as February imports surge 44.7 per cent in yuan terms

BEIJING: China unexpectedly posted a rare trade deficit in February as imports surged far more than expected to feed a monthslong construction boom, driven by commodities from iron ore and copper to crude oil and coal.

Imports in yuan-denominated terms surged 44.7 per cent from a year earlier, while exports rose 4.2 per cent, official data showed on Wednesday.

That left the country with a trade deficit of 60.63 billion yuan (USUS$8.79 billion) for the month, the General Administration of Customs said. Customs has not yet published dollar-denominated trade figures, on which most economists and investors base their forecasts and analysis.

Apart from currency fluctuations, higher commodity prices and the timing of the long Lunar New year holidays early in the year also may have distorted the data.

Most of China’s commodity imports grew strongly in volume terms from a year earlier, but dipped from January.

Still, economists say the upbeat readings reinforced a growing view that economic activity in China and globally picked up in the first two months of the year.

That could give China’s policymakers more confidence to press ahead with oft-delayed and painful structural reforms such as tackling a mountain of debt.

Containing the risks from years of debt-fuelled stimulus and heavy spending has been a major focus at the annual meeting of China’s parliament which began on Sunday.

China’s first-quarter economic growth could accelerate to 7 per cent year-on-year, from 6.8 per cent in the last quarter, economists at OCBC wrote in a note on Monday, while adding that the pace may ease starting in spring.

“We suspect that this largely reflects the boost to import values from the recent jump in commodity price inflation, but it also suggests that domestic demand remains resilient,” Julian Evans Pritchard at Capital Economics said in a note.

“Looking ahead, we expect external demand to remain fairly strong during the coming quarters which should continue to support exports.”

But he added that it was unlikely the current pace of import growth can be sustained as the impact of higher commodity prices will start to drop out of the calculations in coming months.

Analysts polled by Reuters had expected February shipments from the world’s largest exporter to have risen 12.3 per cent in dollar-terms, an improvement from a 7.9 per cent rise in January.

Imports had been expected to rise 20 per cent, after rising 16.7 per cent in January.

Both export and import growth were seen at multi-year highs.

Analysts were expecting China’s trade surplus to have risen to US$25.75 billion in February, versus January’s US$51.35 billion, with growing attention on its large trade surplus with the United States as new US President Donald Trump ramps up his protectionist rhetoric.

China has not posted a trade deficit in dollar terms since February 2014.

China has trimmed its economic growth target to around 6.5 per cent this year, Premier Li Keqiang said in his work report at the opening of parliament on Sunday.

The economy grew 6.7 per cent last year, the slowest pace in 26 years.

As in 2016, China did not set a target for exports in 2017, underlining the uncertain global outlook, but Li said China will take steps to steady exports this year.

China’s shipments to the United States rose 11.5 per cent in February in yuan terms, compared to a year earlier.

It imports from the US rose 41.0 per cent.

The yuan has lost about 5 per cent of its value against the dollar since early 2016.

In the early days of his presidency Trump hasn’t made good yet on his campaign pledges of greater protectionist measures, but analysts say the spectre of deteriorating US-China trade and political ties is likely to weigh on confidence of exporters and investors worldwide.

The US International Trade Commission said last Friday it had made a final finding that the US industry was being harmed by the dumping and subsidization of imports of carbon and alloy steel cut-to-length plate from China.

A government adviser said last month that China’s exports would likely return to growth this year, as commodity prices stabilise and the impact of the appreciation in the US dollar is gradually absorbed. —