How to Prevent Falls

EACH YEAR, ONETHIRD of those 65 and older experience at least one fall, making falls the leading cause of injury-related hospital admissions. They lead to significant morbidity and even mortality; 40 per cent of seniors who fall will break their hips; half will not recover full function.

Exercise, specifically balance and strength training, has been shown to decrease the risk of falls by about 30 per cent. Tai chi has been studied and found to be useful in this regard. Remaining active is important in order to keep bones and muscles strong.

Environmental modification can effectively reduce falls. Home modifications can include removing paper and books from floors and stairs, getting rid of rugs (or securing them so they cannot slip), improving lighting, installing grab bars in the bathroom and putting non-slip mats in the tub. Occupational therapists’ training makes them ideal for assessing homes to make them safer.

Medications should be adjusted to decrease the risk of sedation and falls. Benzodiazepine medications should be decreased and stopped due to their association with falls. Psychiatric and blood pressure medications should be evaluated to see whether they are putting the person at risk.

Having a regular checkup will give you the opportunity to correct any fall risks before they happen. Visual disturbances and irregular heart rhythms can lead to falls. Seeing your doctor will also give you a chance to review which exercise regimen is best for you, how to modify your home to make it safer and review your medications. In addition, your doctor can teach you strategies for avoiding falls and can organize assessments and sessions with other health-care professionals who can guide you in protecting yourself from falls.

Falls are a very common problem for seniors with very significant sequela, or chronic conditions. By seeing your doctor, improving your fitness and modifying your home, you can keep yourself safe and continue to enjoy your life. —Dr. Zachary Levine