TODAY IN history

In 1204, the Fourth Crusade occupied and plundered Constantinople.

In 1606, England adopted the original version of the Union Jack as its flag, which combined the flags of England and Scotland.

In 1654, Ireland and Scotland were united with England.

In 1861, the U.S. Civil War began when Confederate forces fired on Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina.

In 1877, the catcher’s mask was first used in a baseball game, by James Tyng of Harvard in a game against the Lynn Live Oaks.

In 1917, women in Ontario won the right to vote.

In 1936, an explosion trapped three men in the Moose River mine in Nova Scotia. Two survivors were brought to the surface 10 days later.

In 1967, the Commons recommended the adoption of “O Canada’’ as the national anthem. The required law was finally passed in 1980.

In 1980, Terry Fox dipped his artificial leg into the Atlantic Ocean at Cape Spear, Nfld., to start his cross-country Marathon of Hope in aid of cancer research. Fox’s run ended on Sept. 1 in Thunder Bay, when cancer was discovered in his lungs. He died the following June, a month shy of his 23rd birthday.

In 2017, Malala Yousafzai, Nobel Peace Prize winner and girls’ education activist, became an honorary Canadian citizen at a ceremony in Ottawa.